What factor contributed to the falling death rates in England and Wales prior to medical advancements?

The rising standard of living in England and Wales prior to medical advancements played a critical role in reducing death rates during that period. This increase in living standards often led to improved living conditions, greater access to resources, and enhanced quality of life for many individuals. Factors associated with a higher standard of living, such as improved housing, sanitation, and overall economic stability, contributed significantly to better health outcomes.

As people experienced higher levels of income, they were able to afford healthier food, which improved nutrition and overall health. Additionally, a better standard of living typically leads to improvements in the environment, reduced exposure to health risks, and access to basic needs, which collectively contribute to lower mortality rates.

While advancements in healthcare access, technology, and nutrition have also had significant impacts on health and mortality, it is the broader socio-economic changes associated with rising living standards that laid the foundational improvements in public health in this historical context.